答案是：By dramatic monologue it is meant that a poet chooses a dramatic moment or a crisis, in which his characters are made to talk about their lives, and about their minds and hearts. In “listening” to those one-sided talks, readers can form their own opinions and judgments about the speaker's personality and about what has really happened. Robert Browning brought this poetic form to its maturity and perfection and his “My Last Duchess” is one of the best-known dramatic monologues.

答案是：Realism came as a reaction against ‘the lie’ of romanticism and sentimentalism. The battle between ‘idealists’ and ‘realists’ provided the major issue of American literary history after the Civil war (1861-1865). Literature began to pay less attention to general ideas and more to the immediate facts of life. As a way of writing, realism has been applied in almost every literature throughout history. But as a literary movement, realism is a period concept and it refers to the approach of realist fiction occurred at the latter part of the 19th century. In part, the rise of realism came as a protest against the falseness and sentimentality seen in romantic literature. The realists were determined to create a new kind of literature that was completely and totally realistic. Major Features 1. Realism is the theory of writing in which familiar aspects of contemporary life and everyday scenes are represented in a straightforward or matter-of-fact manner. This is the theory that authors try to use in their writing. It stresses truthful treatment of material. It is anti-romantic, anti-sentimental, and without abstract interest in nature, death, etc. 2. In realist fiction characters from all social levels are examined in depth. The realist writers hold on to characters and keep examining how these people relate to each other. 3 . Open ending is also a good example of the truthful treatment of material. 4. Realism focuses on commonness of the lives of the common people who are customarily ignored by the arts. Realists are interested in commonplace, the everyday, the average, the trivial, and the representative. 5. Realism emphasizes objectivity and offers an objective rather than an idealistic view of human nature and human experience. The realist writers are detached observers of life. They are like scientists, making an investigation. Realism presents moral visions. The author has a purpose for presenting an objective account of real life in order to express his moral sense. Realists are ethical writers, interested in the problems of the individual conscience in conflict with social institutions. Many of their works show the American businessman in the conflict over whether he should accept a bribe, give a bribe, participate in unfair business practices, etc. Generally, these writers show how the individual conscience wins when he opposes social conventions and social practices and they are always interested in focusing on the dilemma. This indicates their disbelief in romantic individualism.

答案是：By dramatic monologue it is meant that a poet chooses a dramatic moment or a crisis, in which his characters are made to talk about their lives, and about their minds and hearts. In “listening” to those one-sided talks, readers can form their own opinions and judgments about the speaker's personality and about what has really happened. Robert Browning brought this poetic form to its maturity and perfection and his “My Last Duchess” is one of the best-known dramatic monologues.

答案是：标准答案： Suggestion: marks should be given according to the novel the student chooses and the comment the student gives. (注：注意几个评分要点：1. 必须是英国作家的作品；2. 学生如选择了散文、诗歌、戏剧，不能给分，短篇小说可以酌情给分；3. 主题、语言和人物刻画可有不同的侧重，但应均有谈及；4. 学生的回答具体内容可有不同，但基本文学现象不能出错，有亮点的内容可酌情加分；5. 英语表达正确性应予以考虑)

答案是：标准答案： By dramatic monologue it is meant that a poet chooses a dramatic moment or a crisis, in which his characters are made to talk about their lives, and about their minds and hearts. In “listening” to those one-sided talks, readers can form their own opinions and judgments about the speaker's personality and about what has really happened. Robert Browning brought this poetic form to its maturity and perfection and his “My Last Duchess” is one of the best-known dramatic monologues.

答案是：标准答案： 1. From Charlotte Bronte’s Jane Eyre. 2. The speaker is Jane Eyre and she is speaking to Mr. Rochester. 3. Jane is trying to show Mr. Rochester that she must leave him because she doesn’t want to become his accessory. She feels hurt because Mr. Rochester has not told her about his wife and in her mind he doesn’t treat her as an equal being.

答案是：标准答案： Realism came as a reaction against ‘the lie’ of romanticism and sentimentalism. The battle between ‘idealists’ and ‘realists’ provided the major issue of American literary history after the Civil war (1861-1865). Literature began to pay less attention to general ideas and more to the immediate facts of life. As a way of writing, realism has been applied in almost every literature throughout history. But as a literary movement, realism is a period concept and it refers to the approach of realist fiction occurred at the latter part of the 19th century. In part, the rise of realism came as a protest against the falseness and sentimentality seen in romantic literature. The realists were determined to create a new kind of literature that was completely and totally realistic. Major Features 1. Realism is the theory of writing in which familiar aspects of contemporary life and everyday scenes are represented in a straightforward or matter-of-fact manner. This is the theory that authors try to use in their writing. It stresses truthful treatment of material. It is anti-romantic, anti-sentimental, and without abstract interest in nature, death, etc. 2. In realist fiction characters from all social levels are examined in depth. The realist writers hold on to characters and keep examining how these people relate to each other. 3 . Open ending is also a good example of the truthful treatment of material. 4. Realism focuses on commonness of the lives of the common people who are customarily ignored by the arts. Realists are interested in commonplace, the everyday, the average, the trivial, and the representative. 5. Realism emphasizes objectivity and offers an objective rather than an idealistic view of human nature and human experience. The realist writers are detached observers of life. They are like scientists, making an investigation. Realism presents moral visions. The author has a purpose for presenting an objective account of real life in order to express his moral sense. Realists are ethical writers, interested in the problems of the individual conscience in conflict with social institutions. Many of their works show the American businessman in the conflict over whether he should accept a bribe, give a bribe, participate in unfair business practices, etc. Generally, these writers show how the individual conscience wins when he opposes social conventions and social practices and they are always interested in focusing on the dilemma. This indicates their disbelief in romantic individualism.

答案是：标准答案： 1.It refers to some protagonists in Hemingway‘s works. In the general situation of Hemingway‘s novels, life is full of tension and battles; the world is in chaos and man is always fighting desperately a losing battle. Those who survive and perhaps emerge victorious in the process of seeking to master the code with a set of principles such as honor, courage, endurance, wisdom, discipline and dignity are known as “the Hemingway code“. To behave well in the lonely, losing battle with life is to show “grace under pressure“ and constitutes in itself a kind of victory, a theme clearly established in The Old Man and The Sea. Though life is but a losing battle, it is a struggle man can dominate in such a way that loss becomes dignity; man can be physical1y destroyed but never defeated spiritually. Obviously, Hemingway‘s limited fictional world implies a much broader thematic pattern and serious philosophica1 concern. Hemingway Code Heroes plainly embody Hemingway‘s own values and view of life. 2.A literary movement that began in London and later spread to the US at the beginning of the 20th century. It underwent three major phases in its development, and T. E. Hulme, Ezra Pound and Amy Lowell lead the movement respectively. It advocated “the use of one dominant image”. According to Ezra Pound, an image is “that which presents an intellectual and emotional complex in an instant of time” and the three principles that he established were: a. Direct treatment of the “thing”, whether subjective or objective; b. To use absolutely no word that does not contribute to the presentation; c. As regarding rhythm, to compose in the sequence of the musical phrase, not in the sequence of a metronome.

答案是：标准答案： 1. There are four characteristics of Emily’s poems: A. Dickinson’s poems are usually based on her own experiences, her sorrows and joys. B. Love is another subject Dickinson dwells on. C.Many poems Dickinson wrote are about nature, in which her general skepticism about the relationship between man and nature is well expressed. D.Dickinson’s peotry is unique and unconventional in its own way. Her poems have no titles, hence are always quoted by their first lines. 2. The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock depicts a timid middle-aged man going (or thinking of going) to propose marriage to a lady but hesitating all the way there. It takes the form of soliloquy, an interior monologue like that of Browning’s. Prufrock is the image of an ineffectual, sorrowful, tragic twentieth-century Western man. He craves love but has no courage to declare himself. He despairs of life. He discovers its emptiness and yet has found nothing to replace it. Thus the poem develops a theme of frustration and emotional conflict. The title of the poem is ironic in that the “Love Song” is in fact about the absence of love. Prufrock represents the spiritual impotence of archetypal modern man. The theme of the poem is modern spiritual barrenness, the despair and depression that followed the First World War, the sterility and turbulence of the modern world, and the decline and break-down of Western culture.

答案是：标准答案：C

答案是：标准答案：D

答案是：标准答案：B

答案是：标准答案：A

答案是：标准答案：A

答案是：标准答案：A

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答案是：标准答案：B

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答案是：标准答案：C

答案是：标准答案：D

答案是：标准答案：A

答案是：标准答案：C

答案是：标准答案：A

答案是：标准答案：D

答案是：标准答案：C

答案是：标准答案：A

答案是：标准答案：C

答案是：标准答案：C

答案是：标准答案：D

答案是：标准答案：A

答案是：标准答案：A

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答案是：标准答案：D

答案是：标准答案：A

答案是：标准答案：A

答案是：标准答案：A

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答案是：标准答案：D

答案是：标准答案：B

答案是：标准答案：D

答案是：标准答案：C

答案是：标准答案：C

答案是：标准答案：B

答案是：标准答案：C

答案是：标准答案：B

答案是：标准答案：B

答案是：标准答案：A

答案是：标准答案：C

答案是：标准答案：A

答案是：标准答案：C

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答案是：标准答案：C

答案是：标准答案：C

答案是：标准答案：B

答案是：标准答案：A

答案是：标准答案：B