21. (填空题) According to Hedge, a connotative meaning of a word refers to ‘the ___ or emotions of a language user in choo
答案是：标准答案：
(1)
attitude
(2)
interpretation
20. (填空题) Learnability means the contents and tasks planned for the lesson should be___ the learning ___of the students
答案是：标准答案：
(1)
within
(2)
capability
19. (填空题) For in-the-use evaluation, evaluation is done based on the___opinion i.e. teachers’ as well as learners, abou
答案是：标准答案：
users’
18. (填空题) As far as classroom procedures are concerned, the teaching of listening of listening generally follows three
答案是：标准答案：
(1)
pre-listening
(2)
post-listening.
17. (填空题) A mistake has nothing to do with the language competence, but a result from ___breakdown. When a mistake is c
答案是：标准答案：
(1)
temporary
(2)
direct
(3)
lack
16. (填空题) Questioning is a critical skill for teachers because it is the most common form of___ between the teacher and
答案是：标准答案：
interaction
15. (填空题) Macro planning is not writing lesson plans for specific lessons but rather helping teachers get an ___feeling
答案是：标准答案：
overall
14. (填空题) PPP refers to___, practice and production. A typical PPP lesson would start by the teacher introducing a new
答案是：标准答案：
(1)
presentation
(2)
controlled
(3)
drilling
13. (填空题) Hedge discusses five main components of communicative competence. Namely:___competence, pragmatic competence,
答案是：标准答案：
(1)
linguistic
(2)
discourse
(3)
fluency.
12. (填空题) The term cognitivism is often used loosely to describe methods in which students are asked to think rather th
答案是：标准答案：
(1)
Noam Chomsky
(2)
behaviourist
11. (问答题) Name some frequently used test formats.(本题6.0分)
答案是：标准答案：
Questions and answers.
True or false questions.
Multiple-choice questions.
Gap-filling or completion.
Matching questions.
Dictation.
Transformation.
Translation
Essay writing
interview
10. (问答题) What are the main principles for teaching listening?(本题6.0分)
答案是：标准答案：
Focus on the process
Combine Listening with other skill.
Focus on the comprehension of meaning
Grade difficulty level appropriately
9. (问答题) Ideally, lesson planning should be done at two levels: macro planning and micro planning. What the differences
答案是：标准答案：
Macro planning is planning over a longer period of time, for instance, planning for a whole programme or a whole-year course. This if often done by a group of teachers who are to teach the same course. The micro planning is planning for a specific unit or a lesson which usually lasts from one to two weeks or forty to fifty minutes respectively.
8. (问答题) What are the five basic steps to design a task?(本题6.0分)
答案是：标准答案：
Step 1: think about student’s needs, interests, and abilities.
Step 2: brainstorm possible tasks.
Step 3: evaluate the list.
Step 4: choose the language items.
Step 5: preparing materials.
7. (问答题) What principles do Communicative Language Teaching have according to Richards and Rodgers?(本题6.0分)
答案是：标准答案：
1)communication principles:activities that involve real communication promote learning.
2)Task principle: activities in which language is used for carrying out meaningful tasks promote learning.
3)Meaningfulness principle: language that is meaningful to the learner supports the learning process.
6. (问答题) Nowadays, more and more teaching materials appear, among them textbooks have the longest history, and so what’
答案是：标准答案：
Westbury (1990), one of the world’s foremost curriculum scholars, summarizes the importance of textbooks as follows: in all modern school systems the textbook has long served not only to support instruction but to symbolize that instruction, in other words, the textbook defines the curriculum.
Good textbooks should attract the students’ curiosity, interest and attention.
Textbooks should help students feel at ease.
Textbooks should help students develop confidence.
Good textbooks should meet students’ needs,
Textbooks should expose students to language in authentic use.
Textbooks should provide students with opportunities to use the target language to achieve communicative purposes.
Textbooks should take into account that the positive effects of language teaching are usually delayed.
Textbooks should take into account that students differ in learning styles.
Textbooks should take into account that students differ in affective factors.
Textbooks should maximize learning potential by encouraging intellectual, aesthetic and emotional involvement which stimulates both right and left brain activities.
5. (问答题) Assessment(本题5.0分)
答案是：标准答案：
Assessment involves the collecting of information or evidence of a learner’s learning progress and achievement over a period of time for the purpose of improving teaching and learning. It is not based on one test or one task, nor is it expressed by a mark or grade, but rather in a report form with scales or levels as well as description and comment from the teacher.
4. (问答题) classroom instructions(本题5.0分)
答案是：标准答案：
Classroom instructions refer to the type of language teachers use to organize or guide learning. They include giving directions to tasks or activities, providing explanations to a concept or language structure, setting requirements, checking comprehension, drawing attention, motivating learners, giving feedback, and assigning homework, etc.
3. (问答题) on-the-page evaluation(本题5.0分)
答案是：标准答案：
It means evaluation which is carried out independent of its users or before it gets into the classroom.
2. (问答题) learner training(本题5.0分)
答案是：标准答案：
According to Ellis and Sinclair (1989: 2), learner training focuses on the process of learning rather than the product of learning, emphasizing ‘how to learn rather than the process of learning rather than what to learn.’ Gallacher (2005) believes that learner training is about developing students’ awareness of how they learn and about developing strategies to help them learn. The intention is to make learners take more responsibilities for their own learning so that eventually they can become independent and autonomous learners.
1. (问答题) evaluation(本题5.0分)
答案是：标准答案：
Evaluation, according to Cameron(2001:222), can be concerned with a ‘whole range of issues in and beyond language education: lessons, courses, programs, and skills can all be evaluated.’ It involves making an overall judgment about one’s work or a whole school’s work. It produces a global view of achievement usually based on many different types of information, such as observation of lessons, student’s test scores, teachers’ assessment reports, course documents, or interviews with students and teachers, etc.
When teaching new words that are difficult for the students to understand, for example, some technical words or words wi
答案是：标准答案：C
In meaningful practice the focus is on the production, comprehension or exchange of ___.(本题2.0分)
A、 structures
B
答案是：标准答案：D
The term communicative competence ___ chomsky’s term linguistic competence, the latter meaning knowledge of the language
答案是：标准答案：B
The ultimate goal of foreign language teaching is to enable students to use the foreign language in work or life when ne
答案是：标准答案：A
There are two kinds of stress that are important to achieving good pronunciation, i.e. ___.(本题2.0分)
A、 mechanical st
答案是：标准答案：C
According to ___, if humans do not learn a foreign language before a certain age (perhaps around puberty), then due to c
答案是：标准答案：A
When teaching vocabulary, the teacher can ___ to promote high motivation.(本题2.0分)
A、 apply rote learning
B、 sep
答案是：标准答案：D
Words that one is able to recognize and comprehend in reading and listening but unable to use automatically in writing o
答案是：标准答案：C
One of the problems in vocabulary learning is that students often ___.(本题2.0分)
A、 use context for their vocabulary l
答案是：标准答案：C
According to Wang Qiang, ___ are the basis for syllabus design, teaching methods, teaching procedures, and even teaching
答案是：标准答案：C
Communicative language teaching (clt) requires a higher level of communicative competence on the part of the teacher. it
答案是：标准答案：B
Hedge discusses five main components of communicative competence. these components inlude linguistic competence, pragmat
答案是：标准答案：B
Adjectives such as‘hardworking’, ‘warm-hearted’, and ‘caring’ can be used to describe a teacher’s ___, one of the three
答案是：标准答案：C
Pronunciation is difficult to teach without drills on sounds. However, drilling individual sounds for more than a few mi
答案是：标准答案：C
Unintelligible speech is ___ for both the speaker and the audience.(本题2.0分)
A、 useful and pleasant
B、 useless a
答案是：标准答案：B
The attitudes or emotion of a language user in choosing a word and the influence of these on the listener or reader’s in
答案是：标准答案：C
According to Archambault (1964), a constructivist scholar, teachers must balance an understanding of the habits, charact
答案是：标准答案：D
One of the reasons why the deductive method of teaching grammar is criticized is that ___ in the method.(本题2.0分)
A、
答案是：标准答案：A
According to Wang Qiang, the characteristics of a language teacher include his ____, his ____, and his ____.(本题2.0分)
答案是：标准答案：B
According to Clark, Scarino and Brownell, the main components of a task include ____.(本题2.0分)
A、 exercises, exercise
答案是：标准答案：C
When teaching grammar, “You are a stranger in this town …” and “A policeman was asking some questions…” are two examples
答案是：标准答案：D
Grammar presentation is concerned with how to make the students understand or discover grammar rules. it is ___ that hel
答案是：标准答案：A
When practising stress with students in the classroom, ___.(本题2.0分)
A、 we can explain the stress to the students
答案是：标准答案：D
According to Ur (1996), a good presentation should include both oral and written, and both ___.(本题2.0分)
A、 reading a
答案是：标准答案：D
Vocabulary building strategies include reviewing regularly, ___, organizing vocabulary effectively, and using a dictiona
答案是：标准答案：B
The ___ theory believes that learning is a process in which the learner constructs meaning based on his/her own experien
答案是：标准答案：A
According to littlewood (1981), identifying pictures, discovering sequences or locations, discovering differences and re
答案是：标准答案：C
The ____ theory believes that teachers must balance an understanding of the habits, characteristics as well as personali
答案是：标准答案：C
According to J. Willis (1996), tasks are activities where the target language is used by the learner for a communicative
答案是：标准答案：C
According to Ur (1996), as for the use of grammatical terminology, for younger learners, use of complex terminology ___.
答案是：标准答案：B
Richards (1994, 1998) believes that the quality of ___ between the teacher and the learner and between the learners has
答案是：标准答案：D
When practising intonation with students in the classroom, ___.(本题2.0分)
A、 we can explain the intonation to the stud
答案是：标准答案：C
According to Nation (2001) receptive knowledge of vocabulary involves the following except ___.
(1) being able to recog
答案是：标准答案：D
Which of the following is NOT among Ellis’ (1990) six criteria for evaluating how communicative classroom activities are
答案是：标准答案：D
The Critical Period Hypothesis is still controversial/debated, because ___.(本题2.0分)
A、 both positive and negative an
答案是：标准答案：A
When teaching pronunciation, great care should be taken to the distinction between ___.(本题2.0分)
A、 pronunciation and
答案是：标准答案：D
The guided discovery method is different from the inductive method because the process of the discovery ___ and the rule
答案是：标准答案：A
As far as pronunciation is concerned, students benefit from both ___.(本题2.0分)
A、 spelling and meaning
B、 vocabu
答案是：标准答案：D
One of the reasons why the deductive method of teaching grammar is criticized is that ___ in the method.(本题2.0分)
A、
答案是：标准答案：B
When teaching grammar, if the teacher follows the sequence of teaching activities of “teacher’s presentation of an examp
答案是：标准答案：B
【 】6. According to Willis the conditions for language learning are exposure to a rich but comprehensible language put, _
答案是：标准答案：C
According to Nation (2001) productive knowledge of vocabulary involves the following except ___.
(1) being able to say
答案是：标准答案：C
Those words that one is not only able to recognize but also able to use in speech and writing are considered as one’s __
答案是：标准答案：D
In Hymes’s words (1979), there are ‘___ without whichthe rules of grammar would be useless’, which simply means, besides
答案是：标准答案：B
One of the reasons why the deductive method is criticized is that ___ in the method.(本题2.0分)
A、 language is taught i
答案是：标准答案：C
Role-playing through cue dialogues, role-playing through situation and goals, and role-playing through debates or discus
答案是：标准答案：D
When practising sounds, the activities “using minimal pairs”, “which order”, “same or different” and “odd one out” belon
答案是：标准答案：A
According to Ur, the six factors contribute to successful practice include pre-learning, volume and repetition, success-
答案是：标准答案：A
One influential idea about language teaching based on Chomsky’s theory is that students should be allowed to ___ sentenc
答案是：标准答案：C
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