Word-meaning changes by modes of extension, narrowing, degradation, elevation and___________________.
答案是：
transfer
elevation
答案是：
The process by which words rise from humble beginnings to positions of importance.
native words
答案是：
Native words, also known as Anglo-Saxon words, are words brought to Britian in the 5th century by the Germanic tribes.
acronymy
答案是：
The process of forming new words by joining the initial letters of names of organizations or special noun phrases and technical terms.
What are the semantic features of compounds? Give an example to illustrate your point.
答案是：Decide whether the following statement is true or false, based on your understanding of the characteristics of antonyms. State your reason with one example. Contrary terms are non-gradable and allow intermediate members in between.
As far as growth of present-day English vocabulary is concerned, what are the three main sources of new words?
答案是：
Every compound should express a single idea just as one word. For example, ―a green hand‖ is―an inexperienced person‖, not a hand that is green in color.
Collins COBUILD English Usage (1992), is a(n) ______ dictionary.（ ）
A.unabridged
B.desk
C.specialized
答案是：参考答案：C
As a general Chinese-English dictionary, ______ is the most complete and up-to-date, most elaborately treated one（ ）
答案是：参考答案：A
Generally speaking, a dictionary will cover the following content EXCEPT ______.（ ）
A.spelling
B.syntactical
答案是：参考答案：B
The following are all variations of idioms, EXCEPT ______.（ ）
A.replacement
B.addition
C.shortening
答案是：参考答案：D
Early Modem English refers to the language spoken___. （ ）
A.from 1066 to 1500
B.from 1150 to 1500
C.f
答案是：参考答案：C
What causes the ambiguity of the sentence "I like Mary better than Janet"? （ ）
A.Vocabulary
B. Situation
答案是：参考答案：C
We can work out the meaning of heliocentric and geocentric according to___. （ ）
A.morphological strucmre
B.r
答案是：参考答案：A
An idiom differs from a free phrase in that the former is ___ and the latter is not. （ ）
A. structurally changeab
答案是：参考答案：C
The idiom "a dark horse" is a___（ ）
A.simile
B. metaphor
C.metonymy
D. personification
答案是：参考答案：B
The term "vocabulary" is used in different ways because of all the following reasons EXCEPT that___. （ ）
A. it ca
答案是：参考答案：A
Which of the following is NOT one of the types of idioms?（ ）
A.Sentence idioms
B.Idioms adverbial in nature.
答案是：参考答案：C
The idiom ―toss and turn rhetorical features of idioms are concerned.（ ）
A.alliteration
B.metaphor
C.me
答案是：参考答案：A
n the sentence ―An east o r north-east wind brings cold dry weather to England, but a sou‘Wester usually brings rain.‖,
答案是：参考答案：C
The sentence ―I lost Betty‘s picture.‖ is ambiguous due to ______.（ ）
A.grammatical context
B.polysemy
答案是：参考答案：B
The major factors that promote the growth of modern English are ______.（ ）
A. the growth of science and technolog
答案是：参考答案：D
______ are those that cannot occur as separate words without adding other morphemes（ ）
A. Free roots
B. Fre
答案是：参考答案：C
The idiom ―Jack of all trades‖ results from ______（ ）
A.addition
B.position-shifting
C.dismembering
答案是：参考答案：D
After the invading Germanic tribes settled down in Britain, their language almost totally blotted out ______. （ ）
答案是：参考答案：D
Which of the following statements is NOT true? （ ）
A.Connotative meaning refers to associations suggested by the
答案是：参考答案：C
There are ______ major classes of compounds. （ ）
A.two
B.for
C.three
D.five
答案是：参考答案：C
Which of the following is NOT one of the roles of context?（ ）
A.Elimination of ambiguity.
B.Indication of re
答案是：参考答案：D
n the sentence ―The old man, though poor, is a respectable gentleman.‖, the word ―respectable‖ is used in the ______ sen
答案是：参考答案：B
Usage notes of the dictionary explain ______. ( )
A.the slight difference between words of similar meanings
答案是：参考答案：D
Which of the following dictionaries is NOT a specialized dictionary? ( )
A.The Oxford Dictionary of English Etymo
答案是：参考答案：B
Which of the following suffixes can be used to form both nouns and adjectives? ______ （ ）
A. -ion
B. -ism.
答案是：参考答案：D
An idiom consists of at least two words. Each has a single meaning and often functions as one word. This is called _（ ）
答案是：参考答案：A
Degradation of meaning is the opposite of ______.（ ）
A.semantic transfer
B.semantic pejoration
C.semant
答案是：参考答案：C
The fundamental difference between homonyms and polysemants is whether ______.（ ）
A. they come from the same sour
答案是：参考答案：D
The two major factors that cause changes in meaning are ______. （ ）
A. historical reason and class reason
B.
答案是：参考答案：D
Which of the following characteristics of the basic word stock is the most important? （ ）
A.Stability
B.Col
答案是：参考答案：D
American dictionaries generally use ______ to mark the pronunciation. ( )
A.British Phonetic Alphabet
B.Amer
答案是：
参考答案：D
The change of idiom "velvet paws" from the original form is ______.( )
A.replacement
B.position-shifting
答案是：参考答案：D
"Flesh and blood" is an idiom ______ in nature. ( )
A.verbal
B.nominal
C.adjectival
D.adverbial
答案是：参考答案：B
The idiom "fall into good hands" is a ______ as far as figures of speech are concerned. ( )
A.synecdoche
B.m
答案是：参考答案：A
A monomorphemic word is a word that consists of a single （ ）morpheme.
A.formal
B.concrete
C.free
答案是：参考答案：C
In the early period of Middle English, English,（ ）existed side by side.
A.Celtic and Danish
B.Danish and Fre
答案是：参考答案：D
Synonyms can be classified into two major groups, that is:（ ）
A.absolute and relative
B.absolute and complet
答案是：参考答案：A
Which of the following is NOT a stylistic feature of idioms?（ ）
A.Colloquial
B.Slang
C.Negative
答案是：参考答案：C
There are two approaches to the study of polysemy. They are（ ）
A. primary and secondary
B.central and periph
答案是：参考答案：C
Linguistic context is also known as ______ context.（ ）
A.social
B.verbal
C.lexical
D.physical
答案是：参考答案：B
Which of the following is NOT true about extra-linguistic context? ( )
A.it can be subdivided into grammatical co
答案是：参考答案：A
Which of the following is one of the main functions of verbal context? ( )
A.Elimination of ambiguity.
B.Ind
答案是：参考答案：D
n a narrow sense, context refers to the words, clauses, sentences in which a word appears and is known as ______ context
答案是：参考答案：B
People change word-meaning owing to various ______ motives: love, respect, courtesy, suspicion, pessimism, sarcasm, iron
答案是：参考答案：A
The written form of English is a(an)（ ）representation of the spoken form.
A.selective
B.adequate
C.im
答案是：参考答案：C
Sources of homonyms include（ ）
A.changes in sound and spelling
B.borrowing
C.shortening
D.all o
答案是：参考答案：D
In the course book, the author lists（ ）types of context clues for inferring word meaning.
A.eight
B.six
答案是：参考答案：A
Which of the following is NOT an acronym?（ ）
A.TOEFL
B.ODYSSEY
C.BASIC
D.CCTV
答案是：参考答案：B
From the historical point of view, English is more closely related to（ ）
A.German
B.French
C.Scottish
答案是：参考答案：A
LDCE is distinctive for its（ ）
A.clear grammar codes
B.usage notes
C.language notes
D.all of the
答案是：参考答案：D
Which of the following words was used during the American Civil War to refer to those northerners who were secretly aidi
答案是：参考答案：D
When a common word is turned into a proper noun, the meaning is ______ accordingly. ( )
A.related
B.narrowed
答案是：参考答案：B
What is applicable to contradictory terms of some antonyms may NOT be applicable to their ______ terms? ( )
A.. c
答案是：参考答案：C
Red, scarlet, mauve, violet, lavender, pansy, black, purple, etc, make up the ______ field of colours‘. ( )
A.sty
答案是：
参考答案：B
Which of the following groups of words is NOT onomatopoeically motivated?（ ）
A. croak, drum
B. squeak, bleat
答案是：参考答案：A
Affixes attached to other morphemes to create new words are known as _________.（ ）
A. inflectional affixes
B
答案是：参考答案：B
The differences between synonyms boil down to three areas, namely, _________.（ ）
A. extension, increase and expan
答案是：参考答案：B
Extension can be illustrated by the following example: _________.（ ）
A. butcher → one who kills goats
B. jo
答案是：参考答案：B
The four major foreign contributors to the English vocabulary in earlier times were French, Latin,（ ）
A.Scandinav
答案是：参考答案：B
Unlike affixes,（ ）are often free morphemes. （ ）
A.suffixes
B.prefixes
C. inflectional morphemes
答案是：参考答案：D
What is a common feature peculiar to all natural languages? ( )
A.Suffixation
B.Variation
C.Allomorph
答案是：参考答案：D
etymological concerns the relationship between the sign and meaning. ( )
A.2
B.3
C.4
D.5
答案是：参考答案：C
By ______ motivation, we mean that the meaning of a particular word is related to its origin.（ ）
A.onomatopoeic
答案是：参考答案：D
____ accounts for the connection between the linguistic symbol and its meaning. ( )
A.Sense
B.Motivation
答案是：参考答案：B
Chiefly found in derived words, bound morphemes include _________.（ ）
A. bound roots
B.inflectional affixes
答案是：参考答案：D
Both English and _________ belong to the Germanic branch of the Indo-European language family.（ ）
A.Celtic
答案是：参考答案：B
The following are all denominal suffixes EXCEPT _________.（ ）
A. –ful
B. –wise
C. –less
D. –ike
答案是：参考答案：B
The idiom ―new brooms sweep clean‖ was created probably by _________.（ ）
A.seamen
B.housewives
C.farm
答案是：参考答案：B
Idioms verbal in nature are _________.（ ）
A. verb phrases
B. phrasal verbs
C.verb idioms
D.all t
答案是：参考答案：D
The semantic unity of idioms is reflected in the _________ relationship between the literal meaning of each word and the
答案是：参考答案：A
The method of creating words by removing the supposed suffixes is called ______. ( )
A.back-formation
B.clip
答案是：参考答案：A
The formation of new words by converting words of one class to another class is called ______. ( )
A.prefixation
答案是：参考答案：D
30% to 40% of the total number of new words in English vocabulary are produced through ______ .( )
A.affixation
答案是：参考答案：A
The plural morpheme "-s" is pronounced as/s/in the following words EXCEPT ______.（ ）
A.packs
B.bags
C.c
答案是：参考答案：B
Words like bear, nut, knocked out can be categorized as ______. （ ）
A.terminology
B.jargon
C.slang
答案是：参考答案：C
Words fall into the basic word stock and nonbasic vocabulary by ______. （ ）
A.use frequency
B.notion
C
答案是：参考答案：A
Which of the following can be said about a British Dictionary?（ ）
A. It is always better than an American diction
答案是：参考答案：D
If one wants to find out the minute difference between shades of meaning, the best source is _________.（ ）
A.a th
答案是：参考答案：B
Which of the following is NOT correct? _________（ ）
A.A word is a meaningful group of letters.
B. A word is
答案是：参考答案：D
Words can be classified according to the following criteria EXCEPT _________.（ ）
A.. notion
B. use frequenc
答案是：参考答案：C
There is/are ______ monomorphemic word(s) in the following words: hot, dog, feet, matches. ( )
A.1
B.2
答案是：参考答案：B
The smallest functioning unit in the composition of words is ______.( )
A.morpheme
B.affixes
C.root
答案是：参考答案：A
Which of the following statements is NOT true? ( )
A.Which of the following statements is NOT true? ( )
B.n
答案是：参考答案：B
n the early period of Modern English, Europe saw a new upsurge of learning ancient Greek and ______ classics. This is kn
答案是：参考答案：C
Which word that formerly meant animal, and later animal from Latin and beast from French found their way into English?（
答案是：参考答案：A
What is a common feature peculiar to all natural languages? （ ）
A.Suffixation.
B. Polysemy
C. Allomorph
答案是：参考答案：B
Associative meaning of words comprises the following except ______. （ ）
A. connotative meaning
B. lexical m
答案是：参考答案：B
Shortening a longer word by cutting a part off the original and using what remains is called ______（ ）
A. blendin
答案是：参考答案：B
The root of the word ―antecedent‖ is ______. （ ）
A. ante-
B. -ced-
C. -dent
D. -ent
答案是：参考答案：B
Which of the following statements is NOT true? （ ）
A.Old English was a highly inflected language.
B. Revivin
答案是：参考答案：D
The Indo-European language family is made up of most of the languages of Europe, the Near East, and ______ . ( )
答案是：参考答案：A
Words of the basic word stock can each be used alone, and at the same time can form new words with other roots and affix
答案是：参考答案：A
The definition of a word comprises the following points ______ . ( )(1) a minimal free form of a language (2) a sound un
答案是：参考答案：D
The development of English vocabulary can be divided into the following particular historical period EXCEPT ______. ( )
答案是：参考答案：C
Readers can‘t find pronunciation or meaning in ______. （ ）
A. Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English with Chi
答案是：参考答案：B
The main body for a dictionary is ______ of words. （ ）
A.spellings
B.pronunciations
C.definitions
答案是：参考答案：C
According to its grammatical functions, idioms can be classified into five groups. The idiom ―heart and soul‖ belongs to
答案是：参考答案：D
Idioms manifest such rhetorical features as the following except______.（ ）
A. phonetic manipulation
B.lexica
答案是：参考答案：C
Without ______, there is no way to determine the very sense of the word that the speaker intended to convey.（ ）
A
答案是：参考答案：A
When a word with multiple meanings is used in an inadequate context, this word may create ______. （ ）
A.semantic
答案是：参考答案：C
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