[填空题,2.5分] This passage is taken from （）of the Canterbury Tales by （）.
答案是：Prologue, Chaucer
[填空题,2.5分] This poem is typical a poem of （）.
答案是：“Paradise Lost”
[填空题,2.5分] These lines are written in （）.
答案是：John Milton
[填空题,2.5分] Those two stanzas are taken from-（）by （）.
答案是：Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard|Thomas Gray
[填空题,2.5分] The Title of the passage is （）
答案是：Sir Roger at the Church
[填空题,2.5分] Here the poet seems to （）the Nun, because of the Nun’s behavior
答案是：satirize
[填空题,2.5分] Being （）of church’s request.
答案是：falls short
[填空题,2.5分] Where is this poem taken from（）.
答案是：“London”
[填空题,2.5分] The youngster referred in the poem is （）.
答案是：Of Studies
[填空题,2.5分] The ‘I’ in the passage is （）.
答案是：Lemuel Gulliver
[填空题,2.5分] In this poem Shakespeare highly speaks of （）, which is more precious that nothing could be exchanged with it.
答案是：friendship
[填空题,2.5分] The above stanzas are taken from （）.
答案是：Francis Bacon
[填空题,2.5分] It runs in iambic pentameter rhymed in（）.
答案是：ababcdcdefefgg
[填空题,2.5分] The title of the book is（）.
答案是：Gulliver’s Travels
[填空题,2.5分] The ‘I” in the passage is supposed to be （）.
答案是：a
[填空题,2.5分] The poem is written in the poetic form of （）.
答案是：sonnet
[填空题,2.5分] this passage is taken from a well-known book written by（）.
答案是：Swift
[填空题,2.5分] The ‘I’ in the passage was dropped in a strange country, the name of which is （）.
答案是：Lilliput
[填空题,2.5分] This passage is taken from a periodical named（）.
答案是：The Spectator
[填空题,2.5分] The theme of this poem is （）.
答案是：Songs of Innocence
[论述题,2.5分] What features do Shakespeare’s plays possess?
答案是：dictions|themselves|disclosed|foreign
[论述题,2.5分] Talk about Thomas More’s Utopia.
答案是：society|Book|society
[论述题,2.5分] Talk about the common features of Romanticism.
答案是：romanticism|aspiration|contrast|sordid
[论述题,2.5分] Talk about the essential features of romance in the Medieval British literature.
答案是：truth|reality|nature|idealizes
[论述题,2.5分] What are the major themes of D.H Lawrence’s novels?
答案是：novels |world|harmony |women
[论述题,2.5分] Talk about the features of A Modest Proposal by Swift..
答案是：deadly|gravity|apparent
[论述题,2.5分] Briefly talk about the three literary careers of Shakespeare and their features.
答案是：1590|1611|1601-1609|1609—1612
[论述题,2.5分] Talk about the social significance of The Canterbury Tales.
答案是：Chaucer|bourgeoisi|energy
[论述题,2.5分] What is Chaucer’s contribution to English language?
答案是：considered|poetry|lifetime|language
[论述题,2.5分] In which period did Shakespeare write his major comedies? What are they about?
答案是：movement| bourgeoisie|humanism
[论述题,2.5分] Briefly comment on the characteristics of Hamlet’s personality.
答案是：humanists|depression|melancholy|revenging
[论述题,2.5分] What’s the theme of A Modest Proposal by Swift?
答案是：devastating|fiery|birth
[论述题,2.5分] Give a brief analysis of Portia, a character in The Merchant of Venice.
答案是：determined|cleve|interpretation|happiness
[论述题,2.5分] Briefly talk about the image of Satan in Paradise Lost.
答案是：brave |against|authority
[论述题,2.5分] Analyze the image of Robinson Crusoe.
答案是：Crusoe |menta|historical|development
[论述题,2.5分] When were Shakespeare’s major tragedies written? What did he write about in his tragedies?
答案是：great|tragedies|associated
[论述题,2.5分] Analyze the main idea and artistic features of Paradise Lost.
答案是：Paradise Lost|Milton|frequently
[论述题,2.5分] Tell the main idea of The Merchant of Venice.
答案是：independent|Antonio|independent
[论述题,2.5分] Make comments on the heroines in Shakespeare’s comedies.
答案是：Venice|depicts
[论述题,2.5分] What do Shakespeare’s historical plays about?
答案是：historical|war|humanists|treatment
[填空题,10分] This poem can be regarded as the typical poem of （）, or maybe you can call it a poem of （）.
答案是：dusk, darkness
[填空题,10分] The sequence time of the poem is from（）to （）, together with the country scene especially the cemetery in the c
答案是：quatrains, iambic
[填空题,10分] The poem is written in the metrical meter of （）pentameter.
答案是：William Blake
Run-on Line：
答案是：A line of poetry whose sense does not stop at the end, with punctuation, but runs on to the next line.
Enlightenment：
答案是：Enlightenment is a progressive intellectual movement, which swept over England and other lands in Western Europe in the 18th century. Enlightenment freed and reformed the thinking of man. Enlighteners strove to clear away the feudal remnants and replace them by bourgeois ideologue.
Comedy：
答案是：One of the typical literary structures originates as a form of drama and later extends into prose fiction and other genres as well. Comedy, as Susanne Langer says, is the image of Fortune; tragedy, the image of Fate. Each sorts out for attention the different facts of life. Comedy sorts its pleasures. It pleases our egos and endows our dreams, stirring at once two opposing impulses, our vindictive lust for superiority and our wishful drive for success and happiness ever after. The dark impulse stirs the pleasure of laughter; the light, the pleasure of wish fulfillment.
Mystery play：
答案是：The Mystery plays of the Middle Ages were based on the bible and were particularly concerned with the stories of man’s creation, Fall and Redemption. They antedate Miracle Plays.Mystery Plays developed out of the Liturgy of the church and in particular out of the Quem Quaeritis trope of Easter Day. The earlier dramatizations were presented on the greater festivals of the church: Christmas, Easter,, Pentecost and Corpus Christi. At first they were in Latin and performed by the clergy in the church. There then came an increasing admixture of the vernacular, and lay folk also performed in them. This gradual secularization of the religions drama was accompanied by a corresponding physical move. The drama moved out of the church through the west door. Thus, what had been sacred drama became, literally, profane. From the church yard to the market place was the next logical step.
Essay：
答案是：A literary composition on a single subject; usually short, in prose, and non-exhaustive. The word derives from French essai "an attempt," first used in the modern sense by Michel de Montaigne, whose Essais (1580-1588) are classics of the genre. Francis Bacon's Essays (1597) brought the term and form to English.
Epigram
答案是：A short, witty, pointed statement often in the form of a poem. Here is an example from Alexander Pope’s Essay on Criticism:Be not the first by whom the new are tried, Nor yet the last to lay the old aside.
[简答题,10分] In which period did Shakespeare write his major comedies? What are they about?
答案是：Shakespeare wrote his comedies in his early period. In these comedies he portrayed the young people who had just freed from the feudal fetters. He sang of their youth, their love and ideal of happiness. The heroes and heroines were sons and daughters of the Renaissance. They trust not in God or king but in themselves. Usually there are two groups of characters in Shakespeare’s comedies. The first group is composed of characters of young men and young women. They live in the world of youth and dreams and laughter, and fight for their happiness. The second group consists of simple and shrewd clowns and other common people. These characters make the play full of humor and laughter. The success of Shakespeare’s comedies owes much to the appearance of clowns. Without them the plays would become dull and humorless. Shakespeare put women characters at a prominent place in his comedies. He showed great respect for the dignity, honesty, wit, courage, determination and resourcefulness of women. The young heroines in the comedies are independent in character and very frank. They are no longer controlled by their parents and husbands. They are of a new type. They are witty, bold, loving, laughing and faithful. They are happy and make others happy. They carry their own hands. In speaking, thinking and feeling they are equal or even superior to men. Shakespeare’s comedies are imbued with bourgeoisie ideas and show progressive significance.
[填空题,10分] These two stanzas are taken from（）written by（）.
答案是：sentimentalism, graveyard school
[填空题,10分] These two stanzas express the speaker’s （）to come back to his love, no matter how far, or hard the journey is.
答案是：determination
[填空题,10分] Romanticism extended from 1798 when （） was published and in 1832 when （） died.
答案是：The Lyrical Ballads、 (Walter) Scott
Sonnet：
答案是：A fourteen-line lyric poem, usually written in rhymed iambic pentameter. A sonnet generally expressed a scheme, but are generally of two types: the Petrarchan or Italian sonnet and the Elizabethan or Shakespearian or English sonnet. The Italian sonnet is a form that originated in Italy in the thirteenth century. The Italian sonnet has two parts, an octave (eight lines) and a sestet (six lines). Its rhyme scheme is usually abbaabba, cde cde. The two parts of the Italian sonnet play off each other in a variety of ways. Sometimes the octave raises a question that the sestet answers. Sometimes the sestet opposes what the octave says, or extends it. The Italian sonnet is often called the Petrarchan sonnet, because the Italian poet Francesco Petrarch used it so extensively. He dedicated more than three hundred sonnets to a woman named Laura. Petrarch inspired the vogue of sonnet writing in Elizabethan England. It became conventional for English poets to address sonnets to a beautiful but cruel mistress whose eyes were stars, whose lips were cherries, and whose cheeks roses. Shakespeare’s “Sonnet 130” has been called anti-Petrarchan because he inverts the conventions, describing his mistress in realistic terms. The Shakespearian sonnet consists of three quatrains and a concluding couplet, with the rhyme scheme abab cdcd efef gg. A less important sonnet form is Spenserian sonnet. Its rhyme scheme is ababbcbccdcdee.
Satire：
答案是：A kind of writing holds up to ridicule or contempt the weaknesses and wrongdoings of individuals, groups, institutions, or humanity in general. The aim of satirists is to set a moral standard for society, and they attempt to persuade the reader to see their point of view through the force of laughter. The most famous satirical work in English literature is Jonathan Swift’s Gulliver’s Travels.
Romanticism：
答案是：A movement that flourished in literature, philosophy, music, and art in Western culture during most of the nineteenth century, beginning as a revolt against classicism. The romanticist portrays people, scenes and events as they impress him or as he imagines them to be. A Romantic work has one or more of the following characteristics: an emphasis on feeling and imagination; a love of nature; a belief in individual and common man; and interest in the past, the unusual, the unfamiliar, the bizarre or picturesque, a revolt against authority or tradition. It expresses the ideology and sentiment of the classes and strata that were dissatisfied with the development of capitalism. There have been many varieties of romanticism in many different times and places. Some ideas of English Romanticism were expressed by the poets William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge, and some were showed by Shelley, Byron and Keats.
Pastoral：
答案是：From Latin pastor, a shepherd. The first pastoral poet was Theocritus, a Greek of the 3rd century B.C. The pastoral was especially popular in Europe from the 14th through the 18th centuries, with some fine examples still written in England in the 19th century. The pastoral mode is self-reflexive. Typically the poet echoes the conventions of earlier pastorals in order to put "the complex into the simple," as William Empson observed in Some Versions of Pastoral (1935). The poem is not really about shepherds, but about the complex society the poet and readers inhabit.
Romance
答案是：Any imaginative literature that is set in an idealized world and that deals with heroic adventures and battles between good characters and villains or monsters. Originally, the term referred to a medieval tale dealing with the loves and adventures of kings, queens, knights, and ladies, and including unlikely or supernatural happenings. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight is the best of the medieval romances.
[简答题,10分] Tell the main idea of The Merchant of Venice.
答案是：The Merchant of Venice depicts the heroin Portia’s wittiness, bravery in an emergence in disguise of a lawyer to defeat that evil plot of the most cunning and wicked Jew Shylock. From this play, Shakespeare reflected the sharp contradiction between Antonio, a rising bourgeoisie, and the old-fashioned money usurer, and praised the friendship, love, good-ness as well as condemned the greedy and cruelty.
[简答题,10分] Make comments on the heroines in Shakespeare’s comedies.
答案是：In Shakespeare’s comedies we find an expression of his ungrudging, equalitarian attitude toward women. The young ladies depicted by Shakespeare are always independent in character, prudent, cultured, witty and take their own way of life. There is Portia in Merchant of Venice, who, in order to save her husband’s friend Antonio, rises in emergence in disguise to be a lawyer to deal that wicked and heartless Jew’s conspiracy to put Antonio to death by cutting off a pound of flesh from his breast. Another one Rosalind, the heroin of As You Like It, is also independent, witty and resourceful. They are happy and make others happy. They carry their destinies with them and in speaking and thinking as well as in feeling are men’s equals or even superiors. In a word, they are the daughters of the Renaissance.
[填空题,10分] The writer who figured his hometown—the Wessex country in his works is _（）.
答案是：(Thomas) Hardy
[填空题,10分] Dorian Gray was the main character in the novel written by （）.
答案是：The Picture of Dorian Gray、(Oscar) Wilde
[填空题,10分] Chaucer’s The Canterbury Tales is written in the style of （） instead of alliteration in the Anglo-Saxon period
答案是：rhymed (metrical) stanza
Spenserian stanza：
答案是：A nine-line stanza with the following rhyme scheme: ababbcbcc. The first eight lines are written in iambic pentameter. The ninth line is written in iambic hexameter and is called an Alexandrine. The Spenserian was invented by Edmund Spenser for his epic poem the Faerie Queene. The Spenserian was also used by Robert Burns, John Keats, and Shelley.
Ode：
答案是：A long, stately lyric poem in stanzas of varied metrical pattern, written in a dignified formal style on some lofty or serious subject. Odes are often written for a special occasion, to honor a person or a season or commemorate an event. Two famous odes are Percy Bysshe Shelley’s “ Ode to the West wind” and John Keats’s Ode on a Grecian Urn.”
Refrain：
答案是：A word, phrase, line, or group of lines repeated regularly in a poem, usually at the end o each stanza. Refrains are often used in ballads and narrative poems to create a songlike rhythm and help build suspense. Refrains can also serve to emphasize a particular idea. A modern example of the use of refrain appears in Dylan Thomas’s “Do Not Go Gentle into That Good Night.”
Octave：
答案是：The first unit in an Italian sonnet: eight lines of iambic pentameter, rhyming abbaabba. See also Meter. (2) A stanza in eight lines.
Point of view
答案是：The vantage point from which a narrative is told. There are two basic points of view: first-person and third-person. In the first-person point of view, the story is told by one of the characters in his/her own words. The first-person point of view is limited, since the reader is told only what this character knows and observes. Here is an example of first point of view from Swift’s Gulliver’s Travels:The king was struck with horror at the description I had given of those terrible engines, and the proposal I had made. He was amazed how so important and groveling an insect as I (these were his expressions) could entertain such inhuman ideas…In the third-person point of view, the narrator is not a character in the story. The narrator may be an omniscient, or “all-knowing,” observer who can describe and comment on all the characters and actions in the story. Thomas Hardy’s “ The Three Strangers” is written from a third-person omniscient point of view:Shepherdess Fennel fell back upon the intermediate plan of mingling short dances with short periods of talk and singing, so as to hinder any ungovernable rage in either.On the other hand, the third-person narrator might tell a story from the point of view of only one character in the story, as Virginia Woolf does in the “The New Dress.” All the action in that story is told by the third-person narrator, from the limited point of view of Mable Warning.
[简答题,10分] What features do Shakespeare’s plays possess?
答案是：Shakespeare is a realist. He is one of the founders of realism in English literature. His plays are mirrors of his time, reflecting the major contradictions of that time. He described the decaying of the feudal society and the rising of the young men and women who just freed themselves from the fetters of feudalism and who were striving for individual emancipation. His comedies lay emphasis on emancipation of women, which played a very important role in anti-feudalism. In his great tragedies, Shakespeare depicted the life and death struggle between the humanists, who represented the newly emerging forces, and the corrupted King and his feudal followers, who represented the dark power of the time. In his plays, Shakespeare also clearly reflected the contradictions between the rich and the poor. He showed his sympathy to the poor and disclosed the greed and cruelty of the upper class. In his plays, Shakespeare also revealed the emergence of the early colonization and racial problem arising with capitalism. He fully reflected the omnipotent power of money in the age of growing capitalism. He was far-sighted into money, capitalist accumulation and its effect. The stories of Shakespeare ‘s plays often took place in other countries or in the past, instead of in England or in his own time. The characters are clothed in foreign dresses, yet their thought, their feelings, and their attitude towards life belong to the age of Shakespeare. In fact, his characters are representatives of the people of his time. Shakespeare’s main characters are depicted in typical situations. They are typical characters. Their fundamental traits are revealed in their conflicts with their surroundings, in their relations with their fellowmen. Shakespeare’s dramatic form fits the content of his plays very well. In order to reproduce the manifold image of life, Shakespeare used a peculiar combination in his drama, combination of majestic and funny, or poetic and prosaic, of tragic and comic.
[简答题,10分] What do Shakespeare’s historical plays about?
答案是：Shakespeare’s historical plays are political plays. The principal idea of these plays is the necessity for national unity under one wise sovereign. At his time, this idea was anti-feudal in nature, and it summered up the general opinion of the rising bourgeoisie in Shakespeare’s own day. Shakespeare’s historical plays reflect the historical events of two centuries from Richard II to Henry VIII. They show the horrors of civil war, the necessity for the national unity, the responsibilities of efficient ruler and the importance of legitimate succession to the throne. Like the majority of humanists of his time, Shakespeare believed in a wise and humane king who would love to serve his country. While in the historical plays, Shakespeare’s treatment of real kings is extremely critical, Richard II is condemned for his vanity, political blindness and inability to subdue the feudal lords. Even Henry IV, though glorified for his suppression of the rebellion of feudal lords, is criticized for his participation in the murder of Richard II and his treacherous arrest of the rebels after the truce.
[填空题,10分] The theme of this poem is （）.
答案是：Songs of Innocence
[填空题,10分] The Pilgrims Progress is the masterpiece of （）(the writer), written in the old-fashioned, medieval form of （）
答案是：John Bunyan、dream、Christian
[填空题,10分] In 1066, the （） headed by Duke William, defeated the Anglo-Saxons. This marked the beginning of （）in England a
答案是：Normansfeudal 、feudalism、society
Morality Plays：
答案是：A form of religious allegorical drama, dates from 15th century. Moralities differed from mystery plays in that whereas the latter dramatized known episodes from the Bible or from the lives of the saints, the former dramatized the life of man by personifying the forces of good and evil, such as the seven deadly sins and the corresponding virtues or some representative crisis in his life such as his encounter with the fact of death.
Neo-classicism：
答案是：A revival in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries of classical standards of order, balance and harmony in literature. John Dryden was the first person who started the movement at the end of the 17th century, while Alexander Pope brought it to its culmination.
Mock epic：
答案是：A comic literary form that treats a trivial subject in the grand, heroic style of the epic. A mock epic is also referred to as a mock-heroic poem. Perhaps the greatest mock epic in English is Alexander Pope’s The Rape of the Lock.
Narrative Poem：
答案是：A poem that tells a story. This kind of poetry includes epic, ballad and romance in verse.
Renaissance
答案是：It is a cultural movement of the rising bourgeoisie. The key word for it is humanism, which emphasizes the belief in human beings, his environment and doings and his brave fight for the emancipation of man from the tyranny of the church and religious dogmas. It originally indicates a revival of classical arts and learning after the dark ages of medieval obscurantism. Its aim is to get rid of those old feudalist ideas in medieval time and introduce new ideas that express the interests of the rising bourgeoisie. Shakespeare, Spenser, and Marlowe are all famous literary figures in this period.
[简答题,10分] When were Shakespeare’s major tragedies written? What did he write about in his tragedies?
答案是：Shakespeare’s main tragedies were written during the period of gloom and depression, which dated from 1600 to 1607. Shakespeare’s great tragedies are associated with a period of gloom and sorrow in his life. During this period, England witnessed a general unrest, and social contradictions became very sharp. What caused the writer’s personal sadness is unknown to us. It is generally attributed to the political misfortune of his friend and patron, Earl of Essex, who was killed by the queen.
[简答题,10分] Talk about Thomas More’s Utopia.
答案是：Utopia is More’s masterpiece, written in the form of a convention between More and a returned sailor. The whole book is divided into two books. The first book contains a long discussion on the social conditions of England. In the second book, More describes in detail an ideal society called Utopia. The name “Utopia” comes from two Greek words meaning “no place”. It was used by More to name his ideal society. Book One of Utopia is a picture of contemporary England. The author severely criticizes English society and exposes social evils. He points out that the enclosure of land and the ensuing expulsion of peasants is the source of social evils, and that the whole system of society around him seems to him “nothing but a conspiracy of the rich against the poor”. He condemns the rich and the ruling class for bringing miseries to the poor peasants. Generally speaking, Book One is a forcible exposure of the evil things of English society. Book Two offers us a good picture of an ideal society in some unknown ocean. In this society property is held in common and there is no poverty. All the citizens in Utopia are politically equal. Everybody takes part in labor. The products of the society are distributed according to the needs of the citizens. More emphasizes the importance of labor for every member of the society, and insists upon working six hours a day. After work, the citizens spend their time in studying literature, science and art. All religions in this ideal society are authorized and tolerance is the law. Life there is pleasant. People enjoy cleanliness, comfort and well-being. This work became very popular after its publication. It was translated into English in 1551. It is regarded as one of the earliest work of Utopian socialism.
[填空题,10分] Where is this poem taken from（）.
答案是：“London”
[填空题,10分] In this poem Shakespeare highly speaks of （）, which is more precious that nothing could be exchanged with it.
答案是：friendship
[填空题,10分] The poem is written in the poetic form of （）.
答案是：sonnet
Miracle Play：
答案是：A popular religious drama of medieval England. Miracle plays were based on stories of the saints or on sacred history.
Lyric：
答案是：A poem, brief and discontinuous, emphasizes sound and pictorial imagery rather than narrative or dramatic movement.
Iambic Pentameter：
答案是：A poetic line consisting of five verse feet, which each foot an iamb__ that is, an unstressed syllable followed by a stressed one. Iambic pentameter is the most common verse line in English poetry.
Mockery：
答案是：In general, irony is the perception of a clash between appearance and reality, between seems and is, or between ought and is. The myriad shadings of irony seem to fall into three categories: (1) Verbal irony-saying something contrary to what it means; the appearance is what the words say, the reality is their contrary meaning. (2) Dramatic irony-saying or doing something while unaware of its ironic contrast with the whole truth; named for its frequency in drama, dramatic irony is a verbal irony with the speaker's awareness erased. (3) Situational irony-events turning to the opposite of what is expected or what should be. The ironic situation turns the speaker's unknowing words ironic. Situational irony is the essence of both comedy and tragedy: the young lovers run into the worst possible luck, until everything clears up happily; the most noble spirits go to their death, while the featherheads survive.
[简答题,10分] Talk about the social significance of The Canterbury Tales.
答案是：Chaucer, in his masterpiece The Canterbury Tales, provides the readers a true-to-life picture of the society of his time. Taking the stand of the rising bourgeoisie, he affirms man and opposes the dogma of asceticism preached by the church. As a forerunner of humanism, he praises man’s energy, intellect, quick wit, and love of life. His tales expose and satirize the evils of his time. They attack the degeneration of the noble, the heartlessness of the judge, the corruption of the church and so on.
[简答题,10分] What is Chaucer’s contribution to English language?
答案是：Chaucer is worth being considered as father of poetry, because during his lifetime, he did great contribution to English literature. The rhymed couplet of iambic pentameter later called the “heroic couplet” was actually introduced by him, together with some other rhymed stanzas of various types of poetic forms. He is also the first important poet to write in the current English language. Chaucer did much in making the dialect of London the foundation for modern English language.
[简答题,10分] Talk about the essential features of romance in the Medieval British literature.
答案是：The romance is a literary genre which prevails during the medieval time. It was a long composition, sometimes in verse, and sometimes in prose, describing the life and adventures of a noble hero, especially a knight. The general features of this composition are: 1. It lacks general resemblance to truth or reality. 2. It exaggerates the vices of human nature and idealizes the virtue. 3. It contains perilous adventures more or less remote from the ordinary life. 4. It lays emphasis on supreme devotion to a fair lady. 5. The central character of the romance is the knight, a man of noble birth skilled at the use of weapons. He is commonly described as riding forth to seek adventures, taking part in tournaments, or fighting for his lord in battle. He is devoted to the church and the king.
[填空题,10分] Being （）of church’s request.
答案是：falls short
[填空题,10分] this passage is taken from a well-known book written by（）.
答案是：Swift
[填空题,10分] Here the poet seems to （）the Nun, because of the Nun’s behavior
答案是：satirize
Oxford Reformer：
答案是：Oxford reformers refer to a group of professors, graduates and students of Oxford University, with Thomas More as their representatives. They traveled to Italy or France to come into contact with the spirit of the Renaissance humanism and accepted the new philosophy and culture that were rising there, and they began to spread the ideas of the Renaissance in England after they returned. They made Oxford University as a center of the classical studies. Their new world outlook prepared the way for the appearance of a new literature in the second half of the 16th century.
Elegy：
答案是：Greek for "lament": a poem on death or on a serious loss; characteristically a sustained meditation expressing sorrow and, frequently, an explicit or implied consolation
Conceit：
答案是：Any fanciful, ingenious expression or idea, especially one in the form of an extended metaphor.
Couplet：
答案是：A pair of rhymed metrical lines, usually in iambic tetrameter or pentameter. Sometimes the two lines are of different length.
[简答题,10分] Briefly talk about the image of Satan in Paradise Lost.
答案是：Satan is created by Milton in the poem as a very brave rebel against authority and tyranny, who loves freedom. Facing god and his powerful army, Satan still perseveres in his fight against God’s reign. He encourages his followers never to subdue. He is a born leader. Just because of him, he, at last, attempts Eve to eat forbidden fruit so as to defeat God’s control over human beings. In this sense every thing about Satan really reflects the characteristics of humanists’ ideals. But in the Bible he is a devil, from which we can see something contradicted in Milton’s deep thought of religion. From the creation of the epic Paradise Lost, the two most essential things to be remembered about him are his Puritanism and republicanism.
[简答题,10分] Briefly talk about the three literary careers of Shakespeare and their features.
答案是：Shakespeare’s dramatic career lasted about 22 years from 1590 to 1612. As to the division of this career, we can put them into the four periods: 1) the experimental period (1590-1594); 2) the period of comedy (1595-1600); 3) the period of tragedies (1601-1609); 4) the period of dramatic romances (1609—1612). The first period is a period of early experimentation, which is marked by youthfulness and rich imagination, by extravagance of language, and by the frequent use of rhymed couplets with blank verse. During this period, Shakespeare looked upon the world as a just one. Good always overcame evil in the long run, and justice would eventually win its cause in the end. Love, faith, work, and duty were the four elements that in all ages made the world right. The main plays written in this period are: Love’ s Labor’s Lost, Two Gentlemen in Verona, Richard III, and his early long poems Venus and Adonis and Lucrece. The second period is the period of comedies and Histories, during which Shakespeare was no longer an apprentice to his art. He worked as master in full command of his medium. During this period, his keen insight into human nature, his power of expression, his genius for constructing a play insured a delighted audience for whatever he might choose to present.
[简答题,10分] Talk about the features of A Modest Proposal by Swift..
答案是：His irony is deadly, his satire is marked by an outward gravity and apparent earnestness, which makes his satire all the more powerful. There is also no visible sign of anger, no raising the voice, but the tone is very cold, restrained and ironic.
[填空题,10分] These lines are written in （）.
答案是：John Milton
[填空题,10分] This passage is taken from （）of the Canterbury Tales by （）.
答案是：Prologue, Chaucer
[填空题,10分] This poem is typical a poem of （）.
答案是：“Paradise Lost”
Ballad：
答案是：A narrative poem in short stanzas, with or without music. The term derives by way of French ballade from Latin ballare, "to dance," and once meant a simple song of any kind, lyric or narrative, especially one to accompany a dance. As ballads evolved, most lost their association with dance, although they kept their strong rhythms. Modern usage distinguishes three major kinds: the anonymous traditional ballad (popular ballad or folk ballad), transmitted orally; the broadside ballad, printed and sold on single sheets; and the literary ballad (or art ballad), a sophisticated imitation of the traditional ballad.
Characterization
答案是：The personality a character displays; also, the means by which a writer reveals that personality. Generally, a writer develops a character in one or more of the following ways: (1) through the character’s actions; (2) through the character’s thoughts and speeches; (3) through a physical description of the character; (4) through the opinions others have about the character; (5) through a direct statement about the character telling what the writer thinks of him or her.
Alexandrine
答案是：A twelve-syllable line of verse, possibly owes its name to French medieval poems about Alexander the Great. It is common in French poetry but unusual in English, where the commonest line length is of ten syllables. The famous use of which is in the last line of the Spenserian stanza, invented in his Faerie Queene.
Carpe Diem Tradition
答案是：A tradition dates back to classical Greek and certain poetry, particularly popular among English Cavalier poets. Carpe diem means literally “seize the day”, that is “live for today”. The carpe diem theme is epitomized in a line from Robert Herrick’s “To the virgins, to Make Much of Time”; and “ Gather ye rosebuds, while you may.”
[简答题,10分] What’s the theme of A Modest Proposal by Swift?
答案是：This proposal is a most devastating piece of sarcasm that fiery indignation can give birth to a most powerful blow on the English government’ s policy of exploitation and oppression in Ireland. In the article, the reader can also strongly sense the author’s great sympathy for the poor and Catholic Irish people.
[简答题,10分] Talk about the common features of Romanticism.
答案是：The most characteristic features of the works of the romanticism are: (1) their own aspiration and ideals are in sharp contrast to the common, sordid daily life under capitalism; (2) their writing are filled with strong-willed heroes or even titanic images, formidable events and tragic situations, powerful conflicting passions and exotic pictures. Sometimes they restored to symbolic methods, with active romanticists, symbolic pictures represent a vague idea of some future society, while with some of the lake poets, these pictures often take on mystic color. (4) The romantics paid great attention to the spiritual and emotional life of man. Personified nature plays an important role in the pages of their works
[简答题,10分] Give a brief analysis of Portia, a character in The Merchant of Venice.
答案是：Portia is the most ideal and brilliant woman character ever created by Shakespeare. She is the daughter of Renaissance who loves deeply and genuinely only for her lover’s god quality and for love’s sake. She is beautiful, prudent, cultured, courteous, courageous, determined and very clever. She is brave enough to save her husband’s friend from the evil plot of the most cunning and wicked Jew Shylock with the wise interpretation of the bond, which would otherwise kill Antonio. She embodies all the elements of humanist, that is, love for this world and happiness existing in human life. She gets happiness from true love and true friendship and is ready to defend them with her wit. To a great extent, she is even clever and more capable than all the males in the play. And more important, she is very independent. After hearing Antonio’s misfortune, she rises to the emergency instead of crying for men’s help. She knows her ability and does better than all the men in the play. In addition, she is very optimistic. She keeps optimistic even in the face of the most powerful enemy, because she is very confident of her intellect and ability. Through this heroin, Shakespeare expresses his belief in humanism and his confidence of the victory of the rising bourgeoisie.
[填空题,10分] The ‘I” in the passage is supposed to be （）.
答案是：您的答案:
a
[填空题,10分] The youngster referred in the poem is （）.
答案是：Of Studies
[填空题,10分] The Title of the passage is （）
答案是：Sir Roger at the Church
Puritanism：
答案是：The term is used in a narrow sense of religious practice and attitudes, and in a broad sense of an ethical outlook, which is much less easy to define.First in its strict sense, “Puritan” was applied to those Protestant reformers who rejected Queen Elizabeth’s religious settlement of 1560. This settlement sought a middle way between Roman Catholicism and the extreme spirit of reform of Geneva. The Puritans, influenced by Geneva, Zurich, and other continental centers, objected to the retention of bishops and to any appearance of what they regarded as superstition in church worship---the wearing of vestments by the priests, and any kind of religious image. Apart from their united opposition to Roman Catholicism and their insistence on simplicity in religious forms, Puritans disagreed among themselves on questions of doctrine and church organization. Puritans were very strong in the first half of 17th century and reached its peak of power after the Civil War of 1642-6, a war, which was ostensibly religious, although it was also political.Secondly the broad sense of a whole way of life, Puritanism has always represented strict obedience to the dictates of conscience and strong emphasis on the virtue of self-denial. The word “Puritan” is often thought to imply hostility to arts, but this is not necessarily true.
Allegory：
答案是：A story suggests another story. The first part of this word comes from the Greek allos, "other." An allegory is present in literature whenever it is clear that the author is saying, "By this I also mean that." In practice, allegory appears when a progression of events or images suggests a translation of them into conceptual language. Allegory is thus a technique of aligning imaginative constructs, mythological or poetic, with conceptual or moral models. During the Romantic era a distinction arose between allegory and symbol. With Coleridge, symbol took precedence: "an allegory is but a translation of abstract notions into picture-language," but "a symbol always partakes of the reality which it makes intelligible."
Humanism：
答案是：Humanism refers to the main literary trend and is the keynote of English Renaissance. Humanists took interest in human life and human activities and gave expression to the new feeling of admiration for human beauty, human achievement.
The Anglican Church or Church of England
答案是：The Church of England became independent in 1534, when Henry VIII caused Parliament to pass the Act of supremacy, which declared him to be the “supreme Head of the English Church and Clergy. This action was political rather than religious; Henry was conservative in his religious beliefs, and reaffirmed the traditional Catholic doctrines by his Act of the Six Articles (1539)
[简答题,10分] Analyze the image of Robinson Crusoe.
答案是：Robinson Crusoe is one of the protagonists drawn most successfully in English novels. Through the characterization of Robinson Crusoe, Deofoe depicts him as a hero struggling against nature, and human fate with his indomitable will and hand, and eulogizes creative labor, physical and mental, an allusion to glorification of the bourgeois creativity when it was a rising and more energetic class in the initial stage of its historical development. From an individual laborer to a master and colonizer, Crusoe seems to have gone through various stages of human civilization.
[简答题,10分] Analyze the main idea and artistic features of Paradise Lost.
答案是：a.Theme of Paradise Lost Paradise Lost is Milton’s masterpiece. Its story is taken from the Bible, about “the fall of man: that is, how Adam and Eve are tempted by Satan to disobey God by eating the forbidden fruit from the Tree of Knowledge, and how they are punished by God and driven out of Paradise. In Milton’s words, the purpose of writing the epic is to “justify the ways of God to men”, but apparently with Satan as his mouthpiece, Milton is uttering his intense hatred of tyranny in the capacity of the revolutionary. By depicting Satan and his followers as well as their fiery utterance and brave actions, Milton is showing a Puritan’s revolt against the dictator and against the established doctrines of the Catholic and the Anglican Church. b. Artistic features: Milton is not only a revolutionary, but also a glorious pioneer to introduce blank verse into non-dramatic poetry. The chief characteristic of the poem is the long, involved and sometimes seemingly interminable sentence structure, so that a passage frequently goes on and on through ten or twenty or even more lines of verse, and the meaning of the whole thing is suspended and not completed, while clause after clause are added to enrich the complexity of thought or to increase the effect of the description, till the end of the sentence comes with the periods, and only then does the reader grasp the full significance of the utterance. The method is usually extremely effective and makes the verse sound, sometimes oratorical and sometimes elaborately logical or picturesque, and this richness of the style has frequently been called “Miltonic”.
[简答题,10分] Briefly comment on the characteristics of Hamlet’s personality.
答案是：Hamlet is the typical of humanists under the pen of Shakespeare, who is characteristic of the perfection and perseverance in personality embodied in the Renaissance superman. As Ophelia tells us that he had been the ideal Renaissance prince___ a soldier, scholar, courtier, “the glass of fashion and the mold of form.” But since his father died and his mother hastily remarried, there is transition in his character. He was in the state of depression, melancholy and delay of revenging. Why? Because he realizes, as a humanist, what his real duty lies in. So he pretended to be mad, melancholy, depressed and slow in action. By large, he is very sensitive, resourceful and has his own ideas, and the essence of his revenging his father is not for himself or for the bloody family feuds and hatred but lies in punishing the social corruptions, the wrongs, praising the good, and setting it right. As humanist himself he is all alone, detaching himself from the mass, which is the major reason why he failed himself.
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